ABSTRACT
Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is a rare interstitial lung disease in children. The clinical features of the disease are characterized by tachypnea, moist rales/crepitus, retraction of compliant chest areas and delayed weight gain. The disease is diagnosed using the NEHI clinical scale coupled with the computed tomography of the chest organs. The clinical manifestations of NEHI regress as the child grows, but may persist up to the age of 10 y/o. The purpose of the research was to characterize the course of NEHI including the features of COVID-19 and the impact of passive smoking in children below the age of 8 y/o. Material(s) and Method(s): a single-center longitudinal study with follow-up observation of 29 patients with NEHI in January 2012 - December 2022 aged 8 months to 8 years old, 21 of which had COVID-19. Result(s): 20 of 29 patients with a known follow-up have undergone the long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) at home lasting from 2 weeks up to 5.5 years (Me 1 year and 2 months;IQR 6 months - 4.5 years). Bronchial asthma was diagnosed in 2. 8 (28%) were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, 6 (21%) with mental retardation, 3 (10%) with acute urticaria, and 2 (7%) with allergic rhinitis. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was diagnosed in 7, all requiring LTOT. The frequency of episodes of respiratory infection was maximum in the first 2 years of life, amounting to 16 episodes per 2 years (Me 7;IQR 4 to 10), and the maximum frequency of hospitalizations during this age period was 5 (Me 2;IQR 1 to 2). Children-passive smokers were diagnosed with malnutrition more often (75%, p=0.449) and required LTOT more often (75%, p=0.694), were more often hospitalized (42%, p=0.422). Despite the possible need for LTOT patients with NEHI had COVID-19 in the form of nasopharyngitis in the majority of cases (89%). Only 8 out of 14 patients had symptoms of NEHI after 5 years of age, and only 1 out of 5 after 7 years. Malnutrition (body mass index for the age<-2) in the first year of life was diagnosed in 13 (45%) children. Malnutrition persisted in 9 out of 24 (37%) by the second year of life, in 5 out of 19 (26%) by the third year, and in 2 out of 14 (14%) by the fourth year of life. Not a single child died. Conclusion(s): the course of NEHI is characterized by the absence of lethal outcomes, frequent respiratory infections that led to hospitalizations in the first 2 years of life, mild course of COVID-19, regression of clinical symptoms and malnutrition as the child grows, comorbidity with atopic diseases and GERD. The priority should be given to the prevention of passive smoking in children with NEHI.Copyright © 2023, Pediatria Ltd. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the combination of infections caused by SARS-Cov-2 and M. rheimopiae is the subject of increased attention of clinicians. This article presents an observation of 37 children with COVID-19 in combination with respiratory mycoplasmosis (RM), the purpose of which was to identify the features of the course of combined infections compared with monoinfections. According to the results of the study, the similarity of the clinical picture of upper and lower respiratory tract lesions in the groups of combined infections and monoinfection COVID-19 was reliably established, which requires updating the examination and treatment plan in the study cohort of children. Copyright © 2022 Shigabutdin Marjani Institute of History of Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
This study presents the results of treatment of 98 patients with risk of development of severe coronavirus disease (hereinafter COVID-19) with the first positive result of polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 in a day clinic of the multidisciplinary Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital. To prevent the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 and the progression of the main disease all these children were treated with virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (sotrovimab 500 mg dissolved in 92 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution intravenously for 30 minutes, once, for children over 12 years old and with body weight over 12 kg;balanivimab 700 mg + etesivimab 1400 mg pre-dissolved in 250 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution intravenously for 30 minutes, once). Patients underwent a comprehensive clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination both initially and in dynamics for 3–7–11 days after therapy according to the developed clinical algorithm. The effectiveness of biological therapy in children with a risk of severe COVID-19 was noted in 100% of cases. None of the observed patients had either a clinical manifestation of COVID-19 or a relapse of the main chronic disease.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. When performing thermometry, different measuring instruments can be used: from contact individual to remote. Doubts about the accuracy of the measurements obtained arise in the course of severe infections, impaired general well-being, a feeling of fever, headache. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of daily monitoring of body temperature in children with COVID-19 coronavirus infection and other acute respiratory viral infections using a medical thermograph designed to graphically display the dynamics of changes in the child’s body temperature during the day to monitor its variability, compared to a halystone thermometer. Materials and methods. The clinical study was performed at two clinical sites of the Academician G.N. Speransky Department of Pediatrics, Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education: the Khimki Regional Hospital and the Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital. The study included 120 children aged from 3 months to 3 years, divided into 4 groups. Group 1 and 2 were children with ARI, Group 3 and 4 were children with COVID-19. Body temperature in the 1st and 3rd groups was measured only by a halistane thermometer;in the 2nd and 4th groups-by a new generation intellectual thermograph with halistane thermometer control in the specified time intervals. Results. The study obtained high reliability of indicators of the new thermograph, designed to graphically display the dynamics of changes in body temperature during the day, compared with the halistane thermometer, commonly used in hospitals. Conclusions. The thermograph registers the child’s body temperature with high reliability, which makes it possible to react to its changes in time. The use of thermograph makes it possible to set the critical value of body temperature at its rise for each user individually depending on his premorbid background, which is especially important in the group of children with a high risk of febrile convulsions and microcirculatory disorders in terms of prevention of the possible development of adverse events. © 2022, Remedium Group Ltd. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
This article presents an observation of 12 patients with combined forms of COVID-19 and acute respiratory viral infections hospitalized at the Z.A. Bashlyaeva State Clinical Hospital, the purpose of which was to identify the features of the course of COVID-19 coronavirus infection in combination with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies in children. According to the data obtained, the incidence of COVID-19 and ARVI co-infections was 4.2%. There is a tendency to an increase in the number of patients with lower respiratory tract lesions, a tendency to a prolonged course of COVID-19 with concomitant ARVI, as well as an increase in the duration of hospitalization of patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective. To analyze the accumulated clinical experience in the management of patients with severe and extremely severe forms of COVID-19 coronavirus infection using biological therapy with an assessment of its efficacy and safety. Patients and methods. Forty-seven patients with severe and extremely severe COVID-19 infection were under observation, who were prescribed biological therapy with tocilizumab according to indications. All patients underwent a complete comprehensive clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination based on the current clinical protocol for the treatment of children with COVID-19 coronavirus infection. Results. Before and after biological therapy, no significant differences in the parameters of complete blood count and urinalysis were obtained. The study of biochemical blood parameters and coagulogram in dynamics showed a significant decrease in the levels of LDH and CPK, as well as inflammatory markers CRP and PCT, fibrinogen. Most patients had extremely high levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the acute period of the disease, which decreased by 3.5 times after biological therapy, on average, 3–5 days after the start of treatment with tocilizumab, which coincided with a clinical improvement in the condition of patients. Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 isolation was noted according to nasopharyngeal smear PCR in 37 (88%) children up to 3–5 days after tocilizumab administration and in 10 (21%) patients over 10–14 days. On days 3–5 after the application of biological therapy, there was a decrease in the volume of lung damage to 50.7 ± 26.9% on average [0;90], however, by 10–14 days, most patients still had signs of viral pneumonia up to 50.2 ± 27.2% of lung damage [0;80] without clinical manifestations. Conclusion. After tocilizumab administration, most children with severe COVID-19 showed clinical and laboratory improvement in the form of normalized body temperature and reduced severity of intoxication syndrome, a 3.5-fold decrease in the level of IL-6, a decrease in the values of markers of systemic inflammation (CRP, PCT, fibrinogen) with a significant increase in antibody titer to SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG, in connection with which further observation was carried out by specialists at the outpatient stage.
ABSTRACT
Relevance. The COVID-19 pandemic is still making adjustments to the modern realities of both healthcare and society as a whole. The incidence of COVID-19 in children and adolescents is becoming more and more urgent. At the end of January 2022, in Moscow, the number of registered cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in minors increased 14 times (from 2,000 to 28,000), and the number of hospitalizations increased 10 times, to 120 people per day. During the pandemic, local outbreaks of COVID-19 remain relevant, especially in organized groups. Aim. Description of a local outbreak of COVID-19 in an organized educational group of common residence, preventive measures and characteristics of the infection. Materials and methods. The results of the examination of the focus of COVID-19, medical records of hospitalized patients, regulatory documents, and literary sources were used. A descriptive epidemiological method was used. Statistical data processing was not carried out due to the small sample size. Results. In the spring of 2021, an outbreak of COVID-19 was registered in one specialized educational and methodological center in Moscow with ten victims. The center is located in a five-story brick building designed for the teaching and living of pupils. When registering the first case of COVID-19 in a specialized educational and methodological center, an operating mode was established on the principle of an observatory. Nine children were hospitalized and one teenager was treated for scrap in Moscow. All hospitalized patients underwent computed tomography of the chest organs, no changes in the lungs were noted, which is a significant difference compared to adults, in whom in most cases the SARS-Cov-2 virus enters the lungs. All patients in the hospital received antiviral therapy (Umifenovir 200 mg orally 4 times a day, 5 days), decongestants, local antiseptics, antihistamines were used according to indications. At discharge, all adolescents had positive results for COVID-19 according to the results of PCR swabs from the nasopharynx and oropharynx, and therefore, with an improvement in their general condition, they were transferred for further observation to the observational rehabilitation center COVID-19 «Krylatskiye kholmy». Conclusions. Living in communal dormitories and learning at the place of residence involves close contacts at home and during classes, which predetermines a high risk of infection with the SARS-Cov-2 virus and the occurrence of foci. Promptly carried out anti-epidemic measures make it possible to interrupt the chain of infections in the outbreak. Compared to adults, adolescents experienced fewer and less severe symptoms of COVID-19. Although in most cases, children do not get severely ill from COVID-19 as adults, they can play an important role in the transmission of the infection and in the formation of its outbreak. © Mazankova LN, et al.
ABSTRACT
Objective. To analyze clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 in children with comorbidities admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients and methods. This study included 155 infants/children aged 1 month to 18 years with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to the ICU No. 2 of Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department between March 2020 and June 2021. The diagnosis was confirmed by epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data. Results. Thirty-six out of 155 patients admitted to the ICU (23.2 ± 3.4%) had no comorbidities. Comorbidities were detected in 119 children (76.8±3.4%) with severe COVID-19, which manifested as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) (n = 16;13.4 ± 2.7%), CT 1-2 pneumonia (n = 25;21 ± 3.3%), CT 2-3 pneumonia (n = 7;5.9 ± 1.9%), and CT 3-4 pneumonia (n = 19;16 ± 3.0%). Viral pneumonia with MIS-C was observed in 10 children (8.4 ± 2.2%). Six patients (3.9 ± 1.6%) were diagnosed with generalized bacterial infection, which aggravated the course of COVID-19. Conclusion. A total of 76.8% of children in our study were found to have some comorbidities, which is a risk factor for severe COVID-19. The most common comorbidities included nervous system diseases, metabolic disorders (such as obesity), concomitant infectious diseases, etc. So far, the information on the effects of different comorbidities on the course of COVID-19 in children is limited, which necessitated the analysis of COVID-19 course in this cohort of patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective. To show the clinical and epidemiological significance of diarrhea and SARS-CoV-2 excretion in the feces of COVID-19 patients in children. Patients and methods. 42 case histories of children with COVID-19 hospitalized and examined by PCR for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasal and oropharyngeal swabs, as well as in feces were ana-lyzed. Design: retrospective analysis of patient medical records. Results. It was shown that watery diarrhea was observed in 2.4% of children with verified COVID-19, vomiting and abdominal pain – in 4.8%. In the blood test, lymphocytosis prevailed. In all the examined patients, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected not only in nasal and oropharyngeal swabs, but also in feces, while in 4.8% of children, the virus was excreted in feces for a longer time than in the respiratory tract. In the epidemiological history of 100% of patients, there was no indication of contact with a patient with acute diarrhea. Conclusion. These facts indicate that, despite the infrequently registered diarrhea in COVID-19 in childhood, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the feces of a significant number of such patients may have important clinical and epidemiological significance, contributing to the fecaloral transmission of this infection, which requires additional study due to the small number and incon-sistency of currently known data.
ABSTRACT
The article presents an analysis of the work of the largest children's COVID-19 center in Moscow, organized on the basis of the Children's City Clinical Hospital named after Z. A. Bashlyaeva of the Moscow City Health Department. From March to November 2020 at the COVID-19 Center were hospitalized 2,837 patients with suspected/confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, in total in 2020 1,876 children with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were treated, 58 (3%) children were in serious condition in the intensive care unit, of which children 11-18 years old were 25%. At the 2020 neonatal COVID-19 center, 215 newborns were observed with suspected COVID-19 diagnosis. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed in 18 children, while 8 newborns came from the home of COVID-19. In the Center for rehabilitation, where children aged 0 to 3 years old who were born with very low and extremely low body weight are observed, dispensary observation for children who have undergone COVID-19 is organized. 45 children who were observed fell ill with the new coronavirus infection. There were no deaths among children with COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 Testing , COVID-19 , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Hospitals, Pediatric , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Purpose: to identify the features of COVID-19 infection in children at different periods of the epidemiological rise in the incidence in the city of Moscow. Results. The article presents the observation of 1561 children hospitalized in the State Medical Institution ≪Children's City Clinical Hospital named after Z. A. Bashlyaeva DZM≫ with a diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 during the periods of epidemiological rises in morbidity (≪2nd and 3rd waves of COVID-19≫). An increase in the number of hospitalized children during the ≪3rd wave of COVID-19≫, early admission dates from the onset of the disease, due to the lack of treatment effect in outpatient settings, the predominance of school-age children and adolescents, the predominant course of infection with the development of viral pneumonia CT2-3, less often CT3-4, a 10-fold reduction in the number of children with MIS-syndrome, an elongation of the period of viral release in patients.
ABSTRACT
The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is rightfully recognized as a pandemic of the 21st century and poses a threat to the health of all human race. According to the World Health Organization, at October 4, 2020, were registered worldwide 34,804,348 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 1,030,738 deaths. According to currently available data, children accounted for 1 to 5% of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 [4]. Children aged between 10-18 years dominated (45.9%), and patients first years of life accounted 26.1%. At the same time, over the period since the beginning of the pandemic, only a few fatal outcomes of the disease in children have been recorded in world statistics. The high contagiousness of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, the ability for long-Term replication, and tropism for the cells of the immune system provide the virus with the possibility of almost simultaneous multiple organ damage with the rapid development of complications of both the respiratory tract and other organs and systems. The gastrointestinal tract is involved in this pathological process, representing one of the "shock organs". In addition to common respiratory symptoms, some COVID-19 patients experience dyspeptic disorders such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Anal swab samples from patients positive for COVID-19, are positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, and SARS-CoV-2 were isolated from stool samples from COVID-19 patients. In addition, in both adults and children, there is a strong association between damage to the digestive system and SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review summarizes the manifestations and potential mechanisms of gastrointestinal manifestations in COVID-19 in children. The aim of the work is a review of current data on the lesion of the gastrointestinal tract in children with COVID-19 infection, and its impact on the management of patients with chronic diseases of the digestive tract. Materials and methods of research. Was carried out the analysis of publications in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science systems in the period from December 2019 to June 2020, documenting the clinical course of COVID-19 disease with gastrointestinal lesions. The following search terms are used: "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "coronavirus", "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, epidemic", "outbreak", "diarrhea", "gastrointestinal symptoms", "stool", "feces" without any language restrictions. The main source of information was full-Text scientific publications of both, foreign and russian authors. In addition, clinical cases of COVID-19 were analyzed among patients of infectious departments of the Children's Clinical Hospital named after Z. A. Bashlyaeva, Moscow. Clinical manifestations of the disease, data from laboratory and instrumental studies were evaluated. The most informative of them is given as a clinical example. © 2020 Future Healthcare Journal. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Troponin I has been successfully used in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in adults. According to recent studies the field of cardiac troponins was widely developed. Troponin I elevated in patients with heart failure, tachyarrhythmias, myocarditis, pulmonary hypertension, intoxications of cardiotoxic drugs, sepsis and other similar conditions. Most literature reviews represent information of using cardiac troponins only among adults. Pediatric publications contain much less information. There are no reference values and practical recommendations for troponin I in children. The aim of this article is to cover all available data of use and interpretation of troponin I in children with different cardiac pathology.
ABSTRACT
The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, continues to develop. The first data indicated that children tolerate this infection much easier than adults, the disease course is generally asymptomatic and mild. Chinese, American and European scientists described a variety of skin manifestations in children with COVID-19 coronavirus infection. The article presents literature data on skin manifestations in children, characteristic for COVID-19. In April 2020, the description of a new severe inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS-CoV-2, called multisystem inflammation syndrome (MIS), appeared for the first time. The article presents literature data on MIS clinical manifestations and its incidence. The authors describe clinical observation of MIS development in a 7-year-old child with COVID-19 and with lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. Пандемия новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19, возбудителем которой является коронавирус SARS-CoV-2, продолжает развиваться. Первые данные свидетельствовали о том, что дети переносят эту инфекцию гораздо легче, чем взрослые, в основном заболевание протекает бессимптомно и легко. Китайские, американские и европейские ученые описывали разнообразные кожные проявления у детей с коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19. В статье представлены данные литературы о кожных проявлениях у детей, характерных для COVID-19. В апреле 2020 г. впервые появилось описание нового тяжелого воспалительного синдрома у детей, ассоциированного с SARS-CoV-2, получившего название синдрома мультисистемного воспаления (СМСВ). В статье представлены данные литературы о клинических проявлениях СМСВ и его распространенности. Авторы представили описание клинического наблюдения развития СМСВ у ребенка 7 лет с COVID-19 и с поражением кожи и слизистых оболочек.
ABSTRACT
The article presents data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, features of clinical manifestations and diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with a new coronavirus infection. Objective of the research: to identify clinical manifestations and results of laboratory and instrumental examination of pediatric patients with confirmed MIS-C caused by a new coronavirus infection, the most characteristic features of this pathology and to analyze the amount of therapy based on the assessment of epidemiological data. Results: median age - 8 years (6;9,5), median duration of the disease at the time of hospitalization - 6 days (3;6). A positive result of SARS-CoV-2 analysis in rhinopharyngeal swabs by PCR was in 3 patients, antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 by ELISA were detected in 10. Clinical manifestations included prolonged febrile fever in 11 patients, gastrointestinal symptoms of varying severity - in 10, polymorphic rash was noted in 7 cases, conjunctivitis/scleritis - in 7, edema of the eyelids, face, extremities - in 4. CNS lesion manifested itself with general cerebral and meningeal symptoms. All patients had an increase in the level of inflammation laboratory markers. In 2 children chest MSCT revealed characteristic changes for SARS-CoV-2, interpreted as CT 3-4. Therapy included intravenous immunoglobulin infusions, systemic glucocorticoids, antiviral and antibacterial drugs, anticoagulants;two patients received tocilizumab infusions. В статье представлены данные об эпидемиологии, патогенезе, особенностях клинических проявлений и диагностике мультисистемного воспалительного синдрома у детей (MIS-C), ассоциированного с новой коронавирусной инфекцией. Цель исследования: выявить на основании оценки эпидемиологических данных, клинических проявлений и результатов лабораторно-инструментального обследования пациентов детского возраста с подтвержденным MIS-C на фоне новой коронавирусной инфекции наиболее характерные особенности данной патологии и проанализировать объем проводимой терапии. Материалы и методы исследования: в проспективное исследование включены данные 11 пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией и MIS-C. Результаты: медиана возраста - 8 лет (6;9,5), медиана длительности болезни на момент госпитализации - 6 суток (3;6). Положительный результат определения SARS-CoV-2 методом ПЦР в мазках из носо-ротоглотки получен у 3 пациентов, антитела к SARS-CoV-2 методом ИФА выявлены у 10. Клинические проявления включали продолжительную фебрильную лихорадку у 11 больных, гастроинтестинальные симптомы различной выраженности - у 10, полиморфная сыпь отмечена в 7 случаях, явления конъюнктивита/склерита - в 7, отек век, лица, конечностей - в 4. Поражение ЦНС было представлено общемозговой симптоматикой и менингеальными явлениями. Повышение уровня лабораторных маркеров воспаления выявлено у всех пациентов. У 2 детей при выполнении МСКТ органов грудной клетки диагностированы характерные изменения для SARS-CoV-2, трактуемые как КТ 3-4. Объем терапии включал инфузии внутривенного иммуноглобулина, системные глюкокортикоиды, противовирусные и антибактериальные препараты, антикоагулянты, два пациента получили инфузии тоцилизумаба.
ABSTRACT
In most cases children have a light form of new coronavirus infection COVID-19 as compared to adult patients;however, some children may develop severe forms of the disease. Children account for 1–11% of the confirmed patients, less than 1% of the patients have severe and extremely severe forms. The article describes a clinical case of a teenager with a severe course of COVID-19, characterized by the mismatch of physical data and a large degree of lung tissue damage, the development of hemorrhagic syndrome, low effectiveness of antibacterial and antiviral therapy, requiring Tocilizumab.
ABSTRACT
A new coronavirus infectionin children in most cases is easier than in adult patients, however, some cases are characterized by a protracted course and duration of the release of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The article presents own data monitoring of children with novel coronavirus infection with clinical case COVID-19- pneumonia, which appeared to slow reverse the development of infiltrative changes in the lungs according by the type of <<frosted glass>> on computed tomography on the background of the relief of clinical symptoms of pneumonia negative results of smears from the oropharynx and nasopharynx on the determining of RNA of SARS - Cov-2 by PCR and a positive serological response in the form of increase of IgG-antibodies to COVID-19 with negative IgM-antibodies.
ABSTRACT
The article analyses the data published from January 2020 to April 25, 2020 in the print media or available on the official websites of peer-reviewed medical sources (pre print), international and national medical professional communities, and state regulatory authorities dedicated to the epidemiological and clinical laboratory features of the new coronavirus infection in newborns, infants and older children. The authors have concluded that currently there are no convincing data on vertical transmission of infection. At the same time, they have found that there is a risk of horizontal infection of a newborn child;therefore, there is the need for strict adherence to the recommended algorithms for monitoring children in the neonatal period born by the women with positive or presumably positive COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) status. The authors note that due to the limited quantity of observation cases, all existing recommendations are temporary and may be revised. The newborns from mothers with COVID-19 demonstrate the variability of clinical picture from asymptomatic course to severe respiratory failure. In the post-neonatal period children have asymptomatic or mild course of a new coronavirus infection. The authors note that some children with an asymptomatic course of the disease have pneumonia detectable during X-ray examination. Children with the manifest forms of COVID-19 do not have specific clinical symptoms;both children and adults have fever, cough and other catarrhal symptoms;tachypia, tachycardia and gastrointestinal symptoms are much less common. It has been found that children with COVID-19, unlike adults, are unlikely to develop severe pneumonia, as well as conditions requiring intensive care and mechanical ventilation. Changes in laboratory parameters in children also do not have a consistent pattern and they are less pronounced than in adults. The epidemiological data indicate that children are one of the main sources of the ongoing spread of infection in the human population. The authors present the first-ever data on the cases of 45 infants born from the mothers with positive COVID-19 status in Moscow. © 2020 National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is an interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown etiology, which develops in infancy and manifests as persistent tachypnea. Objective of the research: to summarize results of observations of patients with NEHI, including during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19). Materials and methods: clinical and follow-up observation, laboratory and instrumental examination, including lung biopsy, 52 children with NEHI aged from 21 days to 10 years. Results: NEHI more often affects boys in the first 6 months of life;can be diagnosed on the basis of pediatric ILD-syndrome detection;specific CT signs, lung biopsy. It is characterized by undulating course with increased respiratory failurec aused by acute respiratory viral infections, COVID-19;half of the patients need oxygen therapy.